Edward Thorndike:
1. Explain Thorndike's puzzle-box experiment.
1. Explain Thorndike's puzzle-box experiment.
Thorndike placed a cat on a puzzle box and the animal was encouraged to get out by putting him food outside the box. The only way the cat could get out of the box was by pressing a lever. After the cat would get out he was placed again inside the box and timed, each time he took less time to get out of the puzzle box.
2. Explain Thorndike's "Law of Effect".
The “Law of Effect” states that actions bring a consequence and that determines future behavior.
3. Explain Thorndike's "Law of Exercise".
The “Law of Exercise” stated that the behavioral responses that were followed by a pleasing result are most likely to occur again in response to the same stimulus.
B.F. Skinner:
1. Explain Skinner's concept of Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s concept of Operant Conditioning stated that reinforcement and punishment change our behavioral tendencies.
2. What does reinforcement always do?
2. What does reinforcement always do?
The behavior always increases.
3. What does a punishment always do?
3. What does a punishment always do?
The behavior always decreases.
4. Explain the difference between "positive" and "negative" as they are used in operant conditioning.
4. Explain the difference between "positive" and "negative" as they are used in operant conditioning.
Positive: something is given. Negative: something is taken away.
http://www.simplypsychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/edward-thorndike.html
